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Spectra Forensics, Investigation Specialist

Fraud & Economic Crime Observatory

The numbers behind fraud and economic crime.

Bank frauds, cyber crime, scam losses, corruption, money laundering and enforcement — India and worldwide, since 2019. Three streams kept apart: what authorities publish, what verified sources and our own research show, and what people are talking about.

Data points
7,200Data points
Data series
79Data series
Sources, each archived
140Sources, each archived
Earliest signal
2015Earliest signal

1 · Published intelligence

Quoted as published by the authority

2 · Official intelligence

Verified sources and our own research

3 · Social intelligence

Unverified signals — what people are talking about

Headline figures

Where things stand

The latest figure each authority has published, with the change on the year before.

IndiaPublished

Bank frauds reported — amount involved

₹48,021 cr

FY26 · +46% on FY25

Reserve Bank of India

IndiaOfficial

Money reported lost to cyber financial fraud

₹22,495 cr

2025 · -2% on 2024

Ministry of Home Affairs

IndiaPublished

Cyber crime cases registered by police

102K

2024 · +18% on 2023

National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs

United StatesPublished

Internet crime losses reported to the FBI

$20.9B

2025 · +26% on 2024

Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center

United KingdomPublished

Authorised push payment scam losses

£576.4M

2025 · +19% on 2024

UK Finance

AustraliaPublished

Scam losses reported (combined)

A$2.2B

2025 · +7% on 2024

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission

Multi-year view

How each measure has moved since 2019

Every year each authority has published, with the average yearly growth across the span, the latest year-on-year change and a three-year moving average. Growth figures are calculated by Spectra Forensics from the published values; open “Source of each value” for the page and table behind every year.

India · RBIPublished

Bank fraud cases reported

FY20FY2610K

FY26 · -57% on FY25

Avg growth / yr
+2.5%
Latest year
-57.4%
3-yr average
23K

Bank fraud cases reported to the RBI rose from 8.7K in FY20 to 10K in FY26 — about 2.5% a year on average, down 57.4% on the year before. The peak was FY24 (36K).

Source of each value ⌄
India · RBIPublished

Bank frauds — amount involved

FY20FY26₹48,021 cr

FY26 · +46% on FY25

Avg growth / yr
-20.2%
Latest year
+46.4%
3-yr average
₹30,612 cr

The amount involved in reported bank frauds fell from ₹1,85,468 crore in FY20 to ₹48,021 crore in FY26 — a fall of about 20.2% a year on average, up 46.4% on the year before.

Source of each value ⌄
India · NCRBPublished

Cyber crime cases registered by police

20192024102K

2024 · +18% on 2023

Avg growth / yr
+17.9%
Latest year
+17.9%
3-yr average
85K

Cyber crime cases registered rose from 45K in 2019 to 102K in 2024 — about 17.9% a year on average, up 17.9% on the year before.

Source of each value ⌄
India · NCRBPublished

Economic offences registered by police

20192024214K

2024 · +5% on 2023

Avg growth / yr
+5.3%
Latest year
+4.6%
3-yr average
204K

Economic offences registered rose from 166K in 2019 to 214K in 2024 — about 5.3% a year on average, up 4.6% on the year before.

Source of each value ⌄
India · EDOfficial

Money-laundering cases recorded (ECIRs)

FY15FY261.1K

FY26 · +39% on FY25

Avg growth / yr
+17.6%
Latest year
+39.4%
3-yr average
851

Money-laundering cases recorded by the ED rose from 181 in FY15 to 1.1K in FY26 — about 17.6% a year on average, up 39.4% on the year before. The peak was FY22 (1.1K).

Source of each value ⌄
United States · FBI IC3Published

Internet crime losses reported to the FBI

20192025$20.9B

2025 · +26% on 2024

Avg growth / yr
+34.7%
Latest year
+25.8%
3-yr average
$16.7B

Losses reported to IC3 rose from $3.5B in 2019 to $20.9B in 2025 — about 34.7% a year on average, up 25.8% on the year before.

Source of each value ⌄
United States · FTCPublished

Consumer fraud losses reported to the FTC

20192024$12.5B

2024 · +25% on 2023

Avg growth / yr
+45.8%
Latest year
+25.1%
3-yr average
$10.4B

Reported consumer fraud losses rose from $1.9B in 2019 to $12.5B in 2024 — about 45.8% a year on average, up 25.1% on the year before.

Source of each value ⌄
United States · SECPublished

SEC enforcement actions

FY2019FY2024583

FY2024 · -26% on FY2023

Avg growth / yr
-7.5%
Latest year
-25.6%
3-yr average
709

SEC enforcement actions fell from 862 in FY2019 to 583 in FY2024 — a fall of about 7.5% a year on average, down 25.6% on the year before.

Source of each value ⌄
United Kingdom · UK FinancePublished

Authorised push payment scam losses

20192025£576.4M

2025 · +19% on 2024

Avg growth / yr
+6.5%
Latest year
+19.1%
3-yr average
£506.7M

APP scam losses rose from £420.7M in 2020 to £576.4M in 2025 — about 6.5% a year on average, up 19.1% on the year before. The peak was 2021 (£583.2M).

Growth figures start at 2020: the publisher says earlier years are not comparable.

Source of each value ⌄
United Kingdom · UK FinancePublished

Unauthorised fraud losses (cards, cheques, remote banking)

20192025£703.4M

2025 · -5% on 2024

Avg growth / yr
-2.6%
Latest year
-5.5%
3-yr average
£718.8M

Unauthorised fraud losses fell from £824.8M in 2019 to £703.4M in 2025 — a fall of about 2.6% a year on average, down 5.5% on the year before.

Source of each value ⌄
Australia · ACCCPublished

Scam losses reported to Scamwatch

20192025A$334.8M

2025 · +5% on 2024

Avg growth / yr
+15.2%
Latest year
+5%
3-yr average
A$376.8M

Losses reported to Scamwatch rose from A$142.9M in 2019 to A$334.8M in 2025 — about 15.2% a year on average, up 5% on the year before. The peak was 2022 (A$569.5M).

Source of each value ⌄
Global · FATFPublished

Jurisdictions on the FATF grey list

2019-022026-0622

2026-06 · 0% on 2026-02

Avg growth / yr
—
Latest year
—
3-yr average
21.3

The number of grey-listed jurisdictions rose from 12 in 2019-02 to 22 in 2026-06. The peak was 2023-06 (26).

Source of each value ⌄

Reported figures trail what actually happens inside organisations. If one of these lines touches your business, ask us how it shows up in organisations like yours.

Speak to an investigator

India vs global

Growth since 2019, on one scale

Each series is indexed to its own 2019 figure (= 100), so cases, reports and money in different currencies can be compared by growth without converting anything. Indian fiscal years sit at the year they start (FY2018-19 → 2018); US federal and calendar years as published.

Cases, complaints and reports

Measured against 2019: in India, cyber crime cases registered (India · NCRB) reached 2.3× that level by 2024 and bank fraud cases reported (India · RBI) reached 1.2× that level by FY26; elsewhere, internet crime complaints (US · FBI IC3) reached 2.2× that level by 2025; fraud reports (US · FTC) reached 1.4× that level by 2024.

1002003004002019202020212022202320242025
  • Cyber crime cases registered · India · NCRB
    no figure for 2025
  • Bank fraud cases reported · India · RBI
    FY26: 116.2 (10K)
  • Internet crime complaints · US · FBI IC3
    2025: 215.8 (1M)
  • Fraud reports · US · FTC
    no figure for 2025

Money lost or involved

Measured against 2019: in India, bank fraud amount involved (India · RBI) fell 74% below that level by FY26; elsewhere, internet crime losses (US · FBI IC3) reached 6× that level by 2025; consumer fraud losses (US · FTC) reached 6.6× that level by 2024; unauthorised fraud losses (UK · UK Finance) fell 15% below that level by 2025; scam losses reported to Scamwatch (Australia · ACCC) reached 2.3× that level by 2025.

2004006002019202020212022202320242025
  • Bank fraud amount involved · India · RBI
    FY26: 25.9 (₹48,021 cr)
  • Internet crime losses · US · FBI IC3
    2025: 596.5 ($20.9B)
  • Consumer fraud losses · US · FTC
    no figure for 2025
  • Unauthorised fraud losses · UK · UK Finance
    2025: 85.3 (£703.4M)
  • Scam losses reported to Scamwatch · Australia · ACCC
    2025: 234.3 (A$334.8M)

Different authorities count different things — police registrations, bank reports, victim complaints — and reporting itself grows as portals open and awareness rises, so read these as growth in what is reported, not in crime. Each value is the authority's own published figure (see “Multi-year view” for page and table references); the indexing is ours.

Operating in more than one market? Growth rates differ sharply by country and by measure. We can tell you which of these risks matter where you do business.

Speak to an investigator

Typologies

Where the money is lost

Each row is a type of fraud, each column a year. Switch between countries and datasets, or colour by each type’s own pattern to see when it rose.

Reported losses by crime type — FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center

Darker = larger, ranked across the whole grid. Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internet Crime Complaint Center

2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Investment
Business email compromise
Tech & customer support
Personal Data Breach
Romance & confidence
Government Impersonation
Non-Payment/Non-Delivery
Credit card / cheque fraud
Real estate
Phishing
Identity Theft
Extortion
Ransomware
Spoofing
Smaller
LargerGrey: not reported that year

IC3 renamed several categories over the years; renamed categories are grouped and the published name is shown on hover. Phishing includes spoofing from 2022, when IC3 merged them; spoofing appears separately before that.

Recognise one of these patterns in your own organisation, or in a supplier or customer? Speak to an investigator in confidence before it grows.

Speak to an investigator

India · State and UT

Cyber crime and economic offences, state by state

Cases registered by police, as compiled by the National Crime Records Bureau. Rates adjust for population. Press play to watch the years change.

Lower
HigherTiles are equal in size, not area

Highest · 2024

Telangana

71.1

cases per lakh population

Rank 1 of 36 · +49% on 2023

Source: National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs. NCRB compiles data as reported by State/UT police; figures are cases registered

Operations, vendors or customers in a high-incidence state? Ask us what that means for your controls and your counterparties.

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India · Banking

Many small frauds, a few very large ones

Share of bank fraud cases against share of the money involved, by area of operation. From FY2022-23 to FY2024-25, card, internet and digital-payment frauds made up most cases while loan (advances) frauds made up most of the money. RBI’s FY2025-26 figures, quoted as published, show card and digital frauds falling to 293 cases; the report does not explain the change.

Share of cases · 10K

Share of amount · ₹48,021 cr

Advances

85.4%

84.9%

Others

4.1%

12.6%

Off-balance Sheet

0.1%

1.1%

Deposits

4%

0.8%

Forex Transactions

0.2%

0.3%

Inter-Branch Accounts

0.6%

0.1%

Cash

1.8%

0.1%

Card/Internet/Digital Payments

2.9%

0.1%

Cheques/DDs, etc.

0.8%

0%

Clearing Accounts

0%

0%

Shares computed from the published area-wise totals. Source: Reserve Bank of India

Most of the money sits in a small number of large lending frauds. Facing a red-flagged account, a lending dispute or a recovery? Talk to us early.

Speak to an investigator

Enforcement

How regulators and agencies are responding

Actions, cases and money ordered, year by year. Hover a column for the value and the change.

India · Money-laundering cases recorded (ED)

Ministry of Finance

FY15FY261.1K

FY26 · +39% on FY25

India · Persons arrested under PMLA (ED)

Ministry of Finance

FY15FY25214

FY25 · -21% on FY24

India · Entities adjudicated by SEBI

Securities and Exchange Board of India

FY20FY26640

FY26 · -51% on FY25

India · Cyber financial-fraud complaints (NCRP)

Ministry of Home Affairs

202120252.4M

2025 · +25% on 2024

US · SEC enforcement actions

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

FY2019FY2024583

FY2024 · -26% on FY2023

US · DOJ FCPA corporate resolutions

U.S. Department of Justice

201920253

2025 · -62% on 2024

India · Bank fraud cases reported (RBI)

Reserve Bank of India

FY20FY2610K

FY26 · -57% on FY25

UK · Total fraud losses (UK Finance)

UK Finance

20202025£1.3B

2025 · +4% on 2024

Regulators and agencies are active on several fronts. If one is looking at your organisation, get an independent view of the facts early.

Speak to an investigator

Corruption

Who is getting cleaner — and who isn’t

Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index for every country, shown unchanged. Find any country to see its score and rank.

Most improved, 2019→2025

Biggest declines, 2019→2025

2019 2025Scale 0 (highly corrupt) – 100 (very clean)

India

39

2025 score · rank 92 of 182

2019: 412020: 402021: 402022: 402023: 392024: 382025: 39

Source: Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index (CC BY-ND 4.0).

Entering a new market or taking on a foreign partner? Corruption risk is where due diligence starts.

Speak to an investigator

Money laundering

On and off the FATF lists

Every jurisdiction the Financial Action Task Force has placed under increased monitoring or a call for action since February 2019, plenary by plenary.

Increased monitoring (grey list) Call for action (black list)22 jurisdictions on the grey list at the Jun 2026 plenary
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Syria
Yemen
Haiti
South Sudan
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cameroon
Vietnam
Bulgaria
Kenya
Monaco
Venezuela
Angola
Côte d'Ivoire
Lebanon
Lao PDR
Nepal
Bolivia
Virgin Islands (UK)
Kuwait
Papua New Guinea
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Iraq
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Iran

Source: Financial Action Task Force. Listing reflects each plenary’s published statement.

Counterparties or flows through a listed jurisdiction need enhanced checks. Ask us about due diligence and money-laundering risk reviews.

Speak to an investigator

3 · Social intelligence

What people are searching for

Public attention to 25 fraud typologies, month by month since 2015 — ranked by how fast interest is rising. An early, unverified signal: people read about a scam long before statistics count it.

Public attention · monthly Wikipedia page views

Digital-arrest scams

18K views in the last 12 months

957 2026-09

1.5K3K20252026

Unverified signal: interest, not incidence. Spikes can follow news, films or article renames; recently created articles have no earlier history.

Public attention often builds before cases are counted. If a typology is rising in your sector, it is worth checking your controls before it reaches you.

Speak to an investigator

2 · Official intelligence

Live developments

Material developments screened by our Fraud Intelligence Desk from regulators and reputable press, updated through the day.

Open the live feed
  1. Sri Lanka’s Criminal Investigation Department intensifies investigations into 2.5 million dollar cyber fraudNews On AIR · 25 Oct
  2. ED Searches 13 Locations in NRI Housing Loan Fraud CaseNews On AIR · 24 Oct

Your situation

What do these numbers mean for you?

The charts show the broad picture. What matters is how these risks show up in your sector, your states and your counterparties. Tell us what you are dealing with and an investigator will walk you through it, in confidence.

  • The fraud and misconduct patterns most relevant to your sector
  • Exposure by state or market where you operate or plan to
  • What recent enforcement means for your controls
  • Red flags to look for in a specific matter or counterparty

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Sources & method

Every figure, cited

Figures are quoted exactly as each authority published them, with page and table references — it is the authority’s figure, not ours. Each original is archived by us and snapshotted on the Internet Archive, so the evidence survives if a link disappears.

Published intelligence

Official intelligence

Social intelligence

Spot an error or a newer figure? Tell us at Contact@SpectraForensics.com.

Confidential enquiry